The Workers' Opposition - Alexandra Kollontai

Alexandra Kollontai at the International Women's Conference, 1921
Alexandra Kollontai at the International Women's Conference, 1921

Kollontai's pamphlet was one of the central theoretical works of the Workers' Opposition movement within the Bolshevik Party, arguing for increased union control of the economy and the debureaucratisation of the party hierarchy.

Submitted by Ed on September 4, 2007

First published in Pravda, January 25, 1921, this text was banned in Soviet Russia in March of 1921, by resolution of the 10th Congress of the Communist Party.

It was then printed in installments in the Workers' Dreadnought (by Sylvia Pankhurst), April 22 - August 19, 1922.

Comments

Fozzie

5 days 8 hours ago

Submitted by Fozzie on June 30, 2025

Corrected the original text here which said it was reprinted in Workers' Dreadnought in 1921. This is also what Solidarity said in their intro but it is clear from our own archive of the Dreadnought that it was actually 1922.

Fozzie

5 days 7 hours ago

Submitted by Fozzie on June 30, 2025

Also it says above:

"First published in Pravda, January 25, 1921, this text was banned in Soviet Russia in March of 1921, by resolution of the 10th Congress of the Communist Party."

But Wikipedia says:

"Kollontai increasingly became an internal critic of the Communist Party and, with an article published in Pravda on 28 January 1921, she publicly sided with the Workers' Opposition, a left-wing faction of the party that had its roots in the trade union milieu and was led by Shliapnikov and by Sergei Medvedev, both of working class extraction.

Three days earlier, on 25 January, after about a month delay, Pravda finally published the faction's platform for the upcoming Tenth Party Congress: it mainly advocated unionized workers' control over factories and generally over "the management of the national economy", on the grounds that the construction of a communist society could only be carried out by the industrial proletariat through its class work in history and through the intelligence it would acquire in concrete economic experience.

In the run-up to the congress, scheduled for 8–16 March, at Shliapnikov's urgent request, Kollontai had a pamphlet printed with the title of The Workers' Opposition: it expounded her personal views on the subjects under discussion, was intended to be distributed only to the delegates and has since remained probably her most famous work."

So it appears that the Pravda article is different from the pamphlet?

Fozzie

5 days 7 hours ago

Submitted by Fozzie on June 30, 2025

OK so according to Cathy Porter's Alexandra Kollontai: a biography, she worked on the pamphlet in Feb 1921 in the lead up to the 10th congress (p362) and had it published herself in secret as a pamphlet of 1500 copies (p365).

Shocking revelations, I am sure you will agree :D

adri

4 days 6 hours ago

Submitted by adri on July 1, 2025

There's an interesting-looking primary source book on the Workers' Opposition by Barbara Allen, The Workers' Opposition in the Russian Communist Party: Documents, 1919-1930, that I've been meaning to check out. It includes a lot of translated documents dealing with the Workers' Opposition that have not been published elsewhere (e.g. the "Letter of the 22"). She also touches on other Bolshevik opposition figures like Miasnikov, who was actually expelled from the RCP.